ISO Ibipimo Byubugenzuzi Bwuzuye:
(1) ISO 4967: 2013
ISO 49 67: 2013Igice cya 1988 cyiki cyemezo cyemejwe kimwe na GB / T 10561-2005.
(2) ISO 9341-1996
ISOYahagaritswe mu 2006 asimburwa na ISO 18369.3: 2006 “Optics nibikoresho bya optique - Guhuza amakuru - Igice cya 3: Uburyo bwo gupima”.
Igipimo cyo kugenzura Abanyamerika kitari icyuma:
(1) ASTM B796-2014
ASTM B796-2014 "Uburyo bwo Kwipimisha Ibintu Bitarimo Ibyuma Byahimbwe Ifu Yibihimbano", bisimbuye ASTM B796-2007, birakwiriye kugenwa metallografiya yerekana urwego rudashyizwemo ibyuma mubice byifu byifu, bisaba gutahura 100% mubice byingenzi. by'icyitegererezo.Niba hari icyuho, biragoye gutandukanya imyenge isigaye hamwe na oxyde.
(2) ASTM E45-2013
ASTM E. nuburyo bwo gutanga raporo y'ibisubizo by'ubugenzuzi.Uburyo butanu bwo kugenzura microscopique burimo: Uburyo (umurima mubi wo kureba uburyo), B uburyo (uburyo burebure), C uburyo (uburyo bwa oxyde na silikatike) D uburyo (uburyo bwo kubamo ibintu bike) hamwe nuburyo bwa E (uburyo bwa SAM bwo kugereranya);ASTM E45 yashyizeho urukurikirane rw'amakarita asanzwe yerekana ikarita (ikarita ya JK n'amakarita ya SAE) kugira ngo asobanure ibiranga (ingano, ubwoko, n'ubwinshi) by'ibisanzwe.Ikarita ya SAE urashobora kuyisanga mubikorwa byasabwe na J422 mubikorwa bya SAE;Ikirangantego cyuburyo A (umurima mubi wo kureba), Uburyo D (ibirimo gushyiramo bike), hamwe nuburyo E (igipimo cya SAM) byateguwe hashingiwe kuri JK yerekanwe, mugihe Method C (uburyo bwa oxyde na silike) yakoresheje SAE.
(3) ASTM E1122-1996
ASTM E.
(4) ASTM E1245-2003 (2008)
ASTM E.Birakwiye gukoresha uburyo bwamashusho bwikora kugirango dusuzume ibikubiye muri endogenous inclusion hamwe nicyiciro cya kabiri microstructure mubyuma.Bitewe no gukwirakwiza no guteganya gukwirakwiza ibintu bidasanzwe, iyi ngingo ntikurikizwa mugusuzuma ibyinjira mubyuma cyangwa ibindi byuma.
(5) ASTM E2142-2008
ASTM E2142-2008 “Uburyo bwikizamini cyo gusuzuma no gutondekanya ibyinjijwe mu byuma ukoresheje Scanning Electron Microscopy”.Ukurikije inzira zasobanuwe muri ASTM E45 na ASTM E1245, isuzuma ryinshi ryibintu byinjizwa mubyuma bikorwa hakoreshejwe microscope ya scanne;Kugena ingano, ingano, na morfologiya ikwirakwizwa ryashyizwe mubikorwa ukurikije uburyo bwa shimi.
(6) ASTM E2283-2008 (2014)
Nkuko bizwi, kunanirwa kwibikoresho bya mashini nka gare na bingi akenshi biterwa no kuba hari umubare munini wa oxyde itari metallic.Microscopique kwitegereza ibice byananiranye akenshi bikurikirana ko hariho inclusitions.Guhanura ubuzima bwumunaniro wibice byananiranye ntibishobora gusuzumwa neza nuburyo bwo kugenzura harimo nka ASTM E45, ASTM E1122, na ASTM E1245.ASTM E2283-2008 (2014) “Kode yo gusesengura indangagaciro zikabije ziterwa n’ibicuruzwa bitarimo ibyuma n’ibindi biranga Microstructure biranga ibyuma” byagaragaye muri ibi bihe.Ibipimo ngenderwaho birema uburyo busanzwe ukoresheje isesengura ryagaciro rikabije, rifitanye isano nubuzima bwibigize hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingano.Kimwe na ASTM E1245-2003 (2008), iki gipimo ntikurikizwa mugusuzuma ibyinjira bidasanzwe mubyuma nibindi byuma.
Ubudage butagenzuye ibipimo byo kugenzura:
(1) DIN 50602-1985
DIN 50. ibipimo byibicuruzwa.Ibipimo ngenderwaho bigabanya ibyuma bidafite ibyuma mubyuma mubice bine: ubwoko bwa SS, ubwoko bwa OA, ubwoko bwa OS, nubwoko bwa OG, bujyanye na sulfide, okiside ya okiside, silikatike, hamwe na okiside ya okiside.Ubu bwoko 4 bwo kwinjizamo bugabanijwe mu nzego 9, zihagarariwe na 0-8.Inzego zegeranye bivamo itandukaniro ryikubye kabiri agace kinjizwamo.Ingano y'icyitegererezo ni itanura rimwe cyangwa igice cy'ibikoresho, kandi mubisanzwe nta munsi ya 6.Ibishushanyo bitatu bikoreshwa mugusuzuma urwego rwibisobanuro.Kurwego rumwe, sulfide yinjizwamo (ubwoko bwa SS) hamwe na okiside ya okiside ya spherical (ubwoko bwa OG) igabanijwemo ibice bibiri bishingiye ku itandukaniro riri hagati yubugari bwubugari nubunini, naho okiside (ubwoko bwa OA) hamwe na silikatike (ubwoko bwa OS) igabanijwemo urukurikirane.Muri buri bwoko bwo kwinjizamo na buri ruhererekane, uburebure buringaniye buringaniye butangwa, kandi imbonerahamwe yuburebure bujyanye nuburinganire bwubugari butandukanye nayo iratangwa.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gusuzuma kuri DIN 50602-1985: M uburyo bwa K.M-uburyo ni ukwandika urwego rwohejuru rwibisobanuro ku gace kose kagenzuwe, hanyuma nyuma yo gusuzuma no kwandika bitandukanye ibyinjijwe muburyo bwatoranijwe, kubara uburyo bwo kubara.K-uburyo ibara ibyinjijwe kuva kurwego rwihariye, kuburyo bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwihariye.Kubwibyo, urwego rwo hasi rwisuzuma rushingiye kubikorwa byo gushonga ibyuma, imikoreshereze yibikoresho, nubunini bwibicuruzwa.Umubare nyuma ya K yerekana umubare ntarengwa wurwego rukoreshwa mugusuzuma ukoresheje igishushanyo.Kurugero, K4 bivuga inshuro zo kugaragara kurwego rwo kwishyiriraho guhera kurwego rwa 4. Urwego rwibitekerezo ruratandukanye, kandi coefficient zabo ziterwa nazo ziratandukanye.Kugwiza inshuro na coefficient itanga umubare rusange wibisobanuro murugero rumwe.Umubare rusange wibisobanuro mubyitegererezo byose mumatsinda yicyitegererezo wongeyeho, kandi ibisubizo bihinduka 1000 mm2, nicyo gipimo rusange cyibisobanuro.K4 ikoreshwa cyane, kandi iyo ubara, ubwoko bwa OS bwashyizwe mubikorwa nka OA.Kugeza ubu, iki gipimo cyateshejwe agaciro kandi nta bipimo bishya byavuguruwe byo kubisimbuza.Komite ishinzwe tekinike irasaba gukoresha DIN EN 10247-2007 kugirango igenzure ibintu bitarimo ibyuma mubyuma.
(2) DIN EN 10247-2007
“ y'ibintu bitarimo ibyuma birimo ibyuma ukoresheje amashusho asanzwe ”.Ibipimo ngenderwaho bigabanya ibyuma bitarimo ibyuma mubyuma bitandatu byibanze, bigereranywa na EA, EB, EC, ED, EF, na AD, Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bugabanijwe muburyo bwa P (uburyo bubi bwo kubishyiramo), M uburyo (umurima mubi wo kureba buryo), na K uburyo (impuzandengo yumwanya wo kureba), muribwo M uburyo na K uburyo bujyanye na DIN 50602
Ibisobanuro muri 1985 birahuye neza, kandi nibicuruzwa byinshi byashyizweho muburayi byatangiye kwerekeza kuri iki gipimo.
(3) Ibindi
Ibipimo byo kwipimisha bijyanye no kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitarimo ubutare nabyo birimo: SEP 1570-1971 “Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Microscopique Uburyo bwo Gutondekanya Ibicuruzwa Bitondekanya Ibicapo byerekana ibyuma bidasanzwe”, SEP 1570-1971 (Inyongera) “Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Microscopique Uburyo bwo Kwinjiza Ibyuma. Imbonerahamwe Ibirimo Ibicapo Byiza kandi birebire bidasanzwe ", na SEP 1572-1971" Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Microscopique Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Ibirimo Ibicapo Byerekana Ibicapo Byubusa "
Ibipimo byubugenzuzi kubintu bitari ibyuma mubindi bihugu:
JIS G 0555: 2003 “Uburyo bwo gupima Microscopique kubintu bitarimo ibyuma mubyuma” (igipimo cyu Buyapani).
Nuburyo busanzwe bwo gupima microscopique kugirango hamenyekane ibintu bitari ibyuma mubicuruzwa byuma cyangwa byahimbwe (hamwe nikigereranyo cyo kwikuramo byibuze 3).Uburyo nyabwo bwo kugenzura kubintu byashyizwe muri ubu buryo bugabanijwe muburyo bwa A, uburyo B, nuburyo bwo kubara microscopique yo kugenzura.Uburyo bwa A na B burahuye rwose nuburyo bwo guhagararirwa muri ISO 4967: 2013, kandi uburyo bwo kubara ingingo bugereranya ubuziranenge bwibyuma ku ijanisha ryagace kayobowe na inclus.Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa cyane mugusuzuma ibyuma bikoreshwa, ariko kubera ingaruka zifatika zabashakashatsi, biragoye kugera kubisubizo bishimishije, bityo umubare munini wintangarugero nibihanurwa birakenewe kugirango ubishyire mubikorwa.
BS 7926-1998 (R 2014)
Uburyo bubiri bwo gufotora microscopique yo kumenya ibikubiye mubyuma bitarimo ibyuma mubyuma byasobanuwe muburyo burambuye.Agace k'agace k'ibice bitarimo ibyuma byerekana ingero z'icyuma cyarasobanuwe, kandi intera y'ijanisha ry'ibintu bitari ibyuma mu buryo bune bwo gushonga no gutunganya byakoreshwaga n'ibyuma.
Gapower Metalni umunyamwuga ukora ibyuma byubusa.Ibicuruzwa byingenzi birimo 1212 1213 1214 1215 1140 1144 12l13 12l14,12l15 11SMn30 nibindi. Abakiriya bashoboraga kubona umuyoboro wubwoko bwose bakeneye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-25-2023