Gutoragura byuzuye kandipassivation yicyuma, kuvanaho amavuta atandukanye, ingese, uruhu rwa oxyde, ingingo zigurisha nundi mwanda.Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ubuso bwera bwera bwa feza, butezimbere cyane kwangirika kwangirika kwibyuma, bikwiranye nibice bitandukanye byicyuma, amasahani nibikoresho.
Biroroshye gukora, byoroshye gukoresha, mubukungu kandi bifatika, hiyongereyeho ingirakamaro zangiza cyane zo gukumira ruswa kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwicyuma no kwinjiza hydrogène, no guhashya ibisekuru bya acide.Cyane cyane kibereye ibihangano bito kandi bigoye, ntibikwiriye gutwikirwa, biruta ibicuruzwa bisa kumasoko.
Ukurikije ubukana bwibikoresho bidafite ingese nubunini bwa oxyde, igisubizo cyambere gishobora gukoreshwa cyangwa kuvangwa namazi mukigereranyo cya 1: 1: 1-4 mbere yo gukoreshwa;Ferrite, Martensite na austenitis ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bifite nikel nkeya (nka 420.430.200.201.202.300. Nyuma yo kuyungurura, ibyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma birimo nikel nyinshi (nka 304), 321.316.316L, nibindi) bizashyirwa mubisubizo byimigabane;Mubisanzwe, nyuma yubushyuhe busanzwe cyangwa gushyuha kugeza kuri 50 ~ 60 ℃, shyira muminota 3-20 cyangwa irenga (igihe cyihariye nubushyuhe bizagenwa numukoresha ukurikije uko byageragejwe) kugeza umwanda wubutaka ukuweho burundu, byera bya feza byera , gukora firime imwe kandi yuzuye.Nyuma yo kuvurwa, kuyikuramo, kwoza n'amazi meza, no kuyitesha amazi ya alkaline cyangwa Limewater.
Gukenera gufata ibyuma bitagira umwanda na passivation
Ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside, gukora neza ubushyuhe buke, hamwe nubukanishi bwiza na R.Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya shimi, peteroli, ingufu, ubwubatsi bwa kirimbuzi, ikirere, inyanja, ubuvuzi, inganda zoroheje, imyenda nizindi nzego.Intego yacyo nyamukuru ni ukurinda ruswa.Kurwanya kwangirika kwibyuma bidafite umwanda biterwa ahanini na firime ya passivation.Niba firime ituzuye cyangwa ifite inenge, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bizakomeza kubora.Gutoragura acide na passivation bikunze gukoreshwa mubuhanga mu kongera imbaraga zo kwangirika kwicyuma.Mugihe cyo gushinga, guteranya, gusudira, kugenzura gusudira (nko gutahura inenge, kugerageza igitutu), hamwe nuburyo bwo kwerekana ibimenyetso byububiko bwibyuma nibigize ibikoresho, irangi ryamavuta yubutaka, ingese, umwanda utari ibyuma, umwanda muke ushonga ibyuma, irangi, gusudira slag, hamwe na splashes birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yubuso bwibikoresho byibyuma bidafite ibyuma, byangiza firime ya okiside hejuru yabyo, bikagabanya kwangirika kwuzuye kandi kwicyuma (harimo no gutobora ruswa), no kwangirika kwangirika. .
Kwoza hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda, gutoragura no gutambuka ntibishobora gusa kunoza ruswa gusa, ariko kandi birinda kwanduza ibicuruzwa no kugera ku ngaruka nziza.GBl50-1998 “Ibyuma byumuvuduko wibyuma” iteganya ko ubuso bwibikoresho bikozwe mubyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nibyuma byibyuma bigomba gutorwa kandi bigahita.Aya mabwiriza akurikizwa kumato yingutu akoreshwa munganda za peteroli.Nkuko ibyo bikoresho bikoreshwa mugihe bihuye neza nibitangazamakuru byangirika, birakenewe ko dushyira aside hamwe na passivasi duhereye kubireba ruswa no kurwanya ruswa.Ku zindi nzego z’inganda, niba atari iyo gukumira ruswa, ishingiye gusa ku bisabwa kugira isuku n’uburanga, mu gihe ibyuma bitagira umwanda bidasaba gutoragura no gutambuka.Ariko gusudira ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda bisaba kandi gutoragura no gutambuka Kubikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya chimique bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango bikoreshwe, usibye koza aside na passivasi, ibikoresho byera cyane nabyo bizakoreshwa mugusukura neza cyangwa gusukura imashini, kurangiza chimie na Electropolishing.
Amahame yo Gutora Ibyuma na Passivation
Kurwanya kwangirika kwibyuma bitagira umwanda biterwa ahanini nuko ubuso butwikiriwe na firime yoroheje cyane (hafi 1) nm) ya pasivasi yuzuye, itandukanya uburyo bwangirika kandi ikora nkinzitizi yibanze yo kurinda ibyuma.Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bifite ibimenyetso biranga imbaraga kandi ntibigomba gufatwa nkuguhagarika burundu ruswa.Ahubwo, hagomba gushyirwaho inzitizi ya bariyeri, igabanya cyane igipimo cya anode.Mubisanzwe, iyo hari ibintu bigabanya (nka ioni ya chloride), membrane ikunda kwangirika, kandi mugihe hariho okiside (nkumwuka), membrane irashobora kubungabungwa cyangwa gusanwa.
Ibikoresho by'icyuma bidafite umuyaga bishyirwa mu kirere bizakora firime ya oxyde, ariko kubirinda ntabwo ari byiza.Mubisanzwe, isuku yuzuye ikorwa mbere, harimo gukaraba alkaline na aside, hanyuma igakurikirwa na passivation hamwe na okiside kugirango habeho ubusugire n’amahoro ya firime ya passivation.Imwe mu ntego zo gutoragura ni ugushiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura passiyo no kwemeza ko hashyirwaho firime nziza cyane.Gukaraba aside bitera kwangirika hejuru yicyuma kidafite ingero zingana na 10m.Igikorwa cyimiti yumuti wa acide gitera umuvuduko wo gusesekara ahantu hafite inenge kuba hejuru yibindi bice byubuso.Kubwibyo, gukaraba aside birashobora gutuma ubuso bwose buringaniza kandi bikuraho ingaruka zishobora kwangirika.Ariko icy'ingenzi cyane, binyuze mu gutoranya aside no gutembera, okiside ya fer na fer irashonga kuruta chromium na chromium oxyde, ikuraho chromium mbi, bikavamo chromium ikungahaye hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda.Ubushobozi bwa firime ikungahaye kuri chromium passivation irashobora kugera kuri + 1.0V (SCE), yegeranye nubushobozi bwamabuye y'agaciro kandi igatezimbere ituze ryo kurwanya ruswa.Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura passiyasi burashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kumiterere ya firime, bityo bikagira ingaruka kubirwanya ruswa.Kurugero, hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, firime ya passivation irashobora kugira imiterere myinshi kandi igakora CrO3 cyangwa Cr2O3 murwego rwa bariyeri, cyangwa igakora firime ya oxyde yikirahure kugirango yongere imbaraga zo kwangirika kwicyuma.
1.Uburyo bwo gutoragura ibyuma hamwe na passivation
Uburyo bwo gutera akabariro bukoreshwa kubice bishobora gushyirwa mu bigega byo gutoragura cyangwa gutambuka, ariko ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha umuti w’ibiti mu bikoresho binini, hamwe n’umusaruro mwinshi kandi uhendutse;Ibikoresho binini byuzuye byuzuye aside, kandi gukoresha amazi yibiza ni byinshi cyane.
Bikwiranye nubuso bwimbere nibikorwa byumubiri byibikoresho binini.Imikorere mibi no kudashobora kugarura aside.
Uburyo bwa paste bukoreshwa mugushiraho cyangwa kubungabunga, cyane cyane kubikorwa byintoki mu ishami ryo gusudira.Imiterere yumurimo ni mibi kandi igiciro cyumusaruro ni kinini.
Uburyo bwa spray bukoreshwa kurubuga rwo kwishyiriraho, hamwe nubunini buke bwamazi kurukuta rwimbere rwibikoresho binini, bidahenze, kandi byihuta, ariko bisaba iboneza ryimbunda ya spray na sisitemu yo kuzenguruka.
Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka bukoreshwa mubikoresho binini, nko guhanahana ubushyuhe.Kubaka imiyoboro nigikonoshwa biroroshye, kandi umuti wa aside urashobora kongera gukoreshwa.Irasaba imiyoboro hamwe na pompe ihuza sisitemu yo kuzenguruka.
Uburyo bwa mashanyarazi ntibushobora gukoreshwa mubice gusa, ariko no muburyo bwo kuvura ibikoresho biri kurubuga.Ikoranabuhanga riragoye kandi risaba amashanyarazi ya DC cyangwa potentiostat.
2.Guhitamo no gutambuka
Gutesha agaciro no gusukura umwanda → Gukaraba igice cyoza amazi → Passivation → Gukaraba n'amazi meza → Guhuha byumye
3.Imyitozo mbere yo gutoragura no gutambuka
3.1 Ukurikije ibisabwa mubishushanyo ninyandiko zitunganyirizwa, kora acide acide na passivation mbere yo kuvura kubintu bidafite ibyuma cyangwa ibice nyuma yo gukora.
3. Kudoda ikidodo no gusudira ku mpande zombi.Sukura ibice, kandi ukoreshe lisansi cyangwa isuku kugirango ukureho amavuta hamwe nundi mwanda hejuru yibice bitunganya ibikoresho.
3.3 Mugihe ukuyemo ibintu byamahanga kumpande zombi zogosha, koresha icyuma cyuma kitagira umuyonga, icyuma kitagira umuyonga cyangwa uruziga rusya kugirango ubikureho, hanyuma ubyoze n'amazi meza (hamwe na ion ya chloride itarenga 25mg / l).
Iyo irangi ryamavuta rikabije, koresha umuti wa alkaline 3-5% kugirango ukureho amavuta hanyuma woge neza namazi meza.
3. Guturika kumucanga birashobora gukuraho uruhu rwa okiside yicyuma kitagira umwanda Ibice bikora bishyushye, kandi umucanga ugomba kuba silicon nziza cyangwa oxyde ya aluminium.
3.6 Gutegura ingamba z'umutekano zo gutoragura no gutambuka, no kugena ibikoresho nkenerwa nibikoresho byo kurinda umurimo.
4.Gufasha gutoragura, gukemura passivation hamwe na formule
4.1 Amata yo gukaraba acide: aside nitric (1).42) 20%, aside hydrofluoric 5%, naho ibindi ni amazi.Ibyavuzwe haruguru ni ijanisha ryijwi.
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4. Inzira ya pasivation yumuti: aside nitric (igipimo 1).42) 5%, Potasiyumu dichromate 4g, ahasigaye ni amazi.Ijanisha ryavuzwe haruguru ryo kugwa, ubushyuhe bwa passivation nubushyuhe bwicyumba.
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5.Ibikorwa byo gutoragura no gutambuka
5.1 Ibikoresho gusa cyangwa ibice byabanje gutoroka no gutambuka mbere yo kuvurwa birashobora gutorwa no gutambuka.
5. 2 Umuti wo gufata aside ukoreshwa cyane cyane mubuvuzi rusange bwibice bitunganijwe, kandi birashobora guterwa.Ubushyuhe bwumuti bugomba kugenzurwa buri minota 10 ku bushyuhe bwa 21-60 ℃ kugeza acide yera yera irangiye.
5.3 Gutoragura paste Gutoranya bikwiranye cyane nibikoresho binini cyangwa gutunganyirizwa hafi.Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, kwoza neza paste yikariso kubikoresho (hafi ya 2-3mm z'ubugari), ubirekere isaha imwe, hanyuma uhanagure witonze ukoresheje amazi cyangwa umuyonga wicyuma udafite ingese kugeza igihe acide yera yera irangiye.
5.4 Igisubizo cya Passivation gikwiye cyane cyane kuvura muri rusange ibikoresho bito cyangwa ibice, kandi birashobora kwibizwa cyangwa guterwa.Iyo ubushyuhe bwumuti ari 48-60 ℃, genzura buri minota 20, kandi mugihe ubushyuhe bwumuti ari 21-47 ℃, genzura buri saha kugeza firime imwe ya passivation ikozwe hejuru.
5.5 Paste ya pasivation irakwiriye cyane kubintu binini cyangwa gutunganyirizwa hafi.Irakoreshwa neza hejuru yikintu cyashizwemo (hafi 2-3mm) mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi kigenzurwa kumasaha 1 kugeza firime ya passivation imwe ikozwe hejuru.
5.6 Gutoragura aside hamwe nibikoresho bya passivation cyangwa ibice bigomba kwozwa namazi meza hejuru., Koresha impapuro zipima aside aside kugirango ugerageze igice icyo aricyo cyose cyogejwe, kugirango woge hejuru yamazi afite agaciro ka pH hagati ya 6.5 na 7.5, hanyuma uhanagure cyangwa uhumure wumuyaga uhumanye.
5.7.Nyuma yo gutoragura no gutambuka, birabujijwe gushushanya firime ya passivation mugihe ukora, guterura, no kubika ibikoresho nibice.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2023