12L13 12L14 12L15 ni ugukata ibyuma byubusa.Gukata ibyuma byubusa ni ubwoko bwibyuma byoroshye gukata (nko guhindukira, gusya, gukurura, gutegura, gucukura, nibindi), bizwi kandi nkibikoresho byimashini itunganya ibyuma, mu magambo ahinnye nkibyuma byikora.ni byoroshye gukata ibyuma byubatswe, ibyuma byoroshye gukata biroroshye kuba (guhindukira, gusya, gushushanya, gutegura, gucukura, nibindi) gukata ibyuma bitunganya, bizwi kandi nkicyuma gikoresha ibikoresho byikora, byitwa ibyuma byikora.Yakozwe kugirango ihuze no gutunganya imashini no gutunganya umurongo.